美国原子和平宣传（1952-1960）

America’s ‘Atom for Peace ’Propaganda from 1952 to 1960

和平是美国冷战宣传的核心主题之一。美苏双方都拥有核武器以后，围绕原子能与核武器的宣传成为超级大国冷战政治的中心内容。自1952年至1960年，美国竭力将苏联塑造为“核侵略者”，而将自我拥有的原子能和核武器定义为“谋求人类福祉”和“捍卫世界和平”的重要手段。以艾森豪威尔在联大的和平演讲为契机，美国政府联合私人组织在全球范围内发动了原子和平宣传运动。这一运动尽管在一定程度上有助于消除世界人们对原子能的恐惧心理。然而，在冷战政治框架中，美国寻求的和平仅仅停止在言辞上，对于世人广泛关注的核裁军问题没有予以实质性地解决，和平宣传的背后，只是美国争夺人心的战略考虑和作为反苏的重要举措。

Peace is one of the core themes of the America’s cold war propaganda. After the United States and the Soviet Union both have nuclear weapons, Atom energy and nuclear weapon become the center content of the cold war politics between the superpowers. U.S. looked the Soviet union as "nuclear aggressor", at the same time defined own atomic energy and nuclear weapons as the important tool in "seeking human welfare" and "defend the peace of the world" from 1952 to 1960. American government and private group taking an opportunity of Eisenhower’s ‘Atoms for Peace’ Speech in the General Assembly to launch an worldwide follow-up campaign. This propaganda campaign helps to eliminating the fear of atomic energy in the world. However, in the political framework of the cold war, the United States ‘peace only stop on the words, the world wide attention to nuclear disarmament problem was not be materially resolved. Therefore peace propaganda was only the strategic thinking of the United States and as one of the important measures against the Soviet Union.

胡腾蛟 长沙学院